Product Uses Include
MaterialGeneral tubulin buffer (PEM). Contains 80 mM PIPES pH 6.9, 2 mM MgCl2 and 0.5 mM EGTA. Used as a tubulin working buffer in the form of G-PEM (i.e. PEM plus 1 mM GTP (Cat.# BST06)) or a tubulin polymerization buffer in the form of glycerol containing G-PEM (PEM plus 1 mM GTP (Cat. # BST06) and e.g. 5% glycerol (see Cat. # BST05)).
For product Datasheets and MSDSs please click on the PDF links below. For additional information, click on the FAQs tab above or contact our Technical Support department at tservice@cytoskeleton.com
Chen et al., 2012. Protopine, a novel microtubule-stabilizing agent, causes mitotic arrest and apoptotic cell death in human hormone-refractory prostate cancer cell lines. Cancer Lett. 315, 1-11.
Hartley et al., 2012. Polygamain, a New Microtubule Depolymerizing Agent That Occupies a Unique Pharmacophore in the Colchicine Site. Mol. Pharmacol. 81, 431-439.
Chang et al., 2011. Mycotoxin Citrinin Induced Cell Cycle G2/M Arrest and Numerical Chromosomal Aberration Associated with Disruption of Microtubule Formation in Human Cells. Toxicol. Sci. 119, 84–92.
Risinger et al., 2011. ELR510444, A Novel Microtubule Disruptor with Multiple Mechanisms of Action. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 336, 652–660.
Faridi et al., 2011. Proteomics indicates modulation of tubulin polymerization by L-menthol inhibiting human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma cell proliferation. Proteomics. 11, 2115-2119.
Carletti et al., 2011. Effect of protein glutathionylation on neuronal cytoskeleton: a potential link to neurodegeneration. Neuroscience. 192, 285-294.
O"Boyle et al., 2010. Synthesis and Evaluation of Azetidinone Analogues of Combretastatin A-4 as Tubulin Targeting Agents. J. Med. Chem. 53, 8569-8584. Kushkuley et al., 2009. Neurofilament cross-bridging competes with kinesin-dependent association of neurofilaments with microtubules. J Cell Sci. 122, 3579-86. Chen et al., 2005. A-432411, a novel indolinone compound that disrupts spindle pole formation and inhibits human cancer cell growth. Mol. Cancer Ther. 4, 562-568. Huang et al., 2005. CIL-102 interacts with microtubule polymerization and causes mitotic arrest following apoptosis in the human prostate cancer PC-3 cell line. J. Biol. Chem. 280, 2771-2779. Rouzier et al., 2005. Microtubule-associated protein tau: A marker of paclitaxel sensitivity in breast cancer. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 102, 8315-8320. Jiang et al., 2002. Double blockade of cell cycle at G1-S transition and M phase by 3-iodoacetamido benzoyl ethyl ester, a new type of tubulin ligand. Cancer Res. 62, 6080-6088. Mooberry et al., 1999. Laulimalide and isolaulimalide, new paclitaxel-like microtubule-stabilizing agents. Cancer Res. 59, 653-660.
Question 1: How does general tubulin buffer differ from G-PEM buffer?
Answer 1: Basically, these buffers are the same except that G-PEM contains 1mM GTP to support tubulin polymerization. General tubulin buffer (Cat. # BST01) and PEM buffer typically contain 80 mM PIPES, 2 mM MgCl2, 0.5 mM EGTA pH 7.0. Both buffers should be supplemented with 1 mM GTP (hence, the “G” in G-PEM buffer).
Question 2: Is glycerol necessary for the maintenance of biologically-active tubulin?
Answer 2: Glycerol is often added to a final concentration of 5 - 10% to enhance polymerization; however, glycerol is not necessary for the maintenance of biologically active tubulin.
If you have any questions concerning this product, please contact our Technical Service department at tservice@cytoskeleton.com
Cytoskeleton公司成立于1993年,专注于生物化学和细胞过程研究中的纯化蛋白和便捷试剂盒开发与生产。公司提供药物筛选、信号转导、细胞骨架研究相关的系列试剂盒和产品,尤其以细胞骨架相关研究见长,既能满足于样品较少的科学研究,也可以用于小规模筛选研究和高通量大规模筛选研究。此外,公司还提供微管蛋白,肌动蛋白,小G蛋白,GAPs,GEFs等现有产品的药物筛选服务。