HiLyte Fluor™ 647labeled microtubules formed from HiLyte Fluor™ 647 labeled tubulin.
Product Uses Include
- Laser based applications
- Monitoring microtubule dynamcs in living cells
- Speckle microscopy
- Formation of fluorescent microtubules
- Microscopy studies of MAP and microtubule associated motor activities
- Nanotechnology
MaterialPorcine brain tubulin (>99% pure, see Cat. # T240) has been modified to contain covalently linked HiLyte Fluor™ 647 (HiLyte Fluor is a trademark of Anaspec Inc, CA) at random surface lysines. An activated ester of HiLyte Fluor™ 647 was used to label the protein. Labeling stoichiometry was determined by spectroscopic measurement of protein and dye concentrations (dye extinction coefficient when protein bound is 250,000M-1cm-1). Final labeling stoichiometry is 0.2 to 0.7 dyes per tubulin heterodimer. HiLyte Fluor™ 647 labeled tubulin can be detected using a filter set of 600-630 nm excitation and 660-680 emission. HiLyte Fluor™ 647 tubulin is in a versatile, stable and easily shipped format. It is ready for micro-injection or in vitro polymerization. Cytoskeleton, Inc. also offers AMCA (Cat. # TL440M), HiLyte Fluor™ 488 (Cat. # TL488M), rhodamine (Cat. # TL590M), X-rhodamine (Cat. # TL620M) labeled tubulins.
PurityThe protein purity of the tubulin used for labeling is determined by scanning densitometry of Coomassie Blue stained protein on a 4-20% polyacrylamide gel. The protein used for TL670M is >99% pure tubulin (Figure 1 A). Labeled protein is run on an SDS gel and photographed under UV light. Any unincorporated HiLyte Fluor™ 670 dye would be visible in the dye front. No fluorescence is detected in the dye front, indicating that no free dye is present in the final product (Figure 1 B).
Figure 1: HiLyte Fluor™ 647 tubulin protein purity determination. A 50 µg sample of unlabeled tubulin protein was separated by electrophoresis in a 4-20% SDS-PAGE system and stained with Coomassie Blue (A). Protein quantitation was performed using the Precision Red Protein Assay Reagent (Cat. # ADV02). 20 µg of the same protein sample was run in a 4-20% SDS-PAGE system and photographed directly under 525-625nm illumination (B).
Biological ActivityThe biological activity of HiLyte Fluor™ 647 tubulin is assessed by a tubulin polymerization assay. To pass quality control, a 5 mg/ml solution of HiLyte Fluor™ 647 labeled tubulin in G-PEM plus 5% glycerol must polymerize to >85%. This is comparable to unlabeled tubulin under identical conditions.
For product Datasheets and MSDSs please click on the PDF links below. For additional information, click on the FAQs tab above or contact our Technical Support department attservice@cytoskeleton.com
Farhadi, Leila et al. “Actin and microtubule crosslinkers tune mobility and control co-localization in a composite cytoskeletal network.” Soft matter vol. 16,31 (2020): 7191-7201. doi:10.1039/c9sm02400j
Jiang, S. et al. Interplay between the Kinesin and Tubulin Mechanochemical Cycles Underlies Microtubule Tip Tracking by the Non-motile Ciliary Kinesin Kif7. Dev. Cell 49, 711-730.e8 (2019).
Li, F, Pan, J, Choi, JH. Local direction change of surface gliding microtubules. Biotechnology and Bioengineering. 2019; 116: 1128– 1138. https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.26933
Nakos, Konstantinos et al. “Regulation of microtubule plus end dynamics by septin 9.” Cytoskeleton (Hoboken, N.J.) vol. 76,1 (2019): 83-91. doi:10.1002/cm.21488
Chen, Y., Su, Q. P., Sun, Y., & Yu, L. (2018). Visualizing autophagic lysosome reformation in cells using in vitro reconstitution systems. Current Protocols in Cell Biology, 78, 11.24.1– 11.24.15. doi: 10.1002/cpcb.44
Dumont, E., Do, C. & Hess, H. Molecular wear of microtubules propelled by surface-adhered kinesins. Nature Nanotech 10, 166–169 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2014.334
S.R. Norris et al. 2015. Influence of fluorescent tag on the motility properties of kinesin-1 in single-molecule assays. Biophys. J. 108, 1133–1143.
Ho et al., 2011. Interaction of antiparallel microtubules in the phragmoplast is mediated by the microtubule-associated protein MAP65-3 in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell. 23, 2909–2923.
Question 1: Can HiLyte Fluor™ 647-labeled tubulin (Cat. # TL670M) be used to monitor tubulin dynamics in living cells?
Answer 1: Yes, all of Cytoskeleton’s fluorescently-labeled tubulins, including TRITC rhodamine-tubulin can be micro-injected into cells to study tubulin localization and dynamics in living cells. Please see the brief protocol on the product datasheet (Cat. # TL670M and these papers for guidance on micro-injecting cells with fluorescently-labeled proteins (Smilenov et al., 1999. Focal adhesion motility revealed in stationary fibroblasts. Science. 286, 1172-1174; Lopez-Lluch et al., 2001. Protein kinase C-d C2-like domain is a binding site for actin and enables actin redistribution in neutrophils. Biochem. J. 357, 39-47; Lim and Danuser, 2009. Live cell imaging of F-actin dynamics via fluorescent speckle microscopy (FSM). J. Vis. Exp. 30, e1325, DOI: 10.3791/1325;
Question 2: What is the best way to store HiLyte Fluor™ 647-labeled tubulin to maintain high activity?
Answer 2: The recommended storage condition for the lyophilized tubulin product is 4°C in the dark with desiccant to maintain humidity at <10%. Under these conditions the protein is stable for 6 months. Lyophilized protein can also be stored desiccated at -70°C where it will be stable for 6 months. However, at -70°C the rubber seal in the lid of the tube could crack and allow in moisture. Therefore we recommend storing at 4°C. If stored at -70°C, it is imperative to include desiccant with the lyophilized protein if this storage condition is utilized. After reconstituting the protein as directed, the concentrated protein in G-PEM buffer should be aliquoted, snap frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at -70°C (stable for 6 months). NOTE: It is very important to snap freeze the tubulin in liquid nitrogen as other methods of freezing will result in significantly reduced activity. Defrost rapidly by placing in a room temperature water bath for 1 min. Avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles.
If you have any questions concerning this product, please contact our Technical Service department at tservice@cytoskeleton.com
Cytoskeleton公司成立于1993年，专注于生物化学和细胞过程研究中的纯化蛋白和便捷试剂盒开发与生产。公司提供药物筛选、信号转导、细胞骨架研究相关的系列试剂盒和产品，尤其以细胞骨架相关研究见长，既能满足于样品较少的科学研究，也可以用于小规模筛选研究和高通量大规模筛选研究。此外，公司还提供微管蛋白，肌动蛋白，小G蛋白，GAPs，GEFs等现有产品的药物筛选服务。
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